| Havryil Kolenda | |
|---|---|
| Metropolitan of Kiev | |
| Church | Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church |
| Appointed | 22 April 1665 |
| Reign ended | 11 February 1674 |
| Predecessor | Antin Sielava |
| Successor | Kyprian Zochovskyj |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 28 March 1633 (Priest) |
| Consecration | 1652 (Bishop) by Antin Sielava |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1606 |
| Died | 11 February 1674 (aged 67–68) |
Yuri Havryil Kolenda (Ukrainian: Юрі Гавриїл Коленда, Belarusian: Гаўрыла Календа, Polish: Gabriel Kolenda) (1606—1674) was the Administrator of Kiev–Galicia from 1655 and Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and Russia of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church from 1665 to his death in 1674.
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Yuri Kolenda was born on about 1606 in the Vilnius Voivodeship. In 1624 he entered in the Order of Saint Basil the Great taking the religious name of Havryil (Gabriel).[1]:132 He passed his novitiate in the monastery of Byten[2]. Ended the novitiate, in 1627 he was sent to study in Braniewo where he remained till 1630. Returned in Vilnius, he continued his studies here, and on 28 March 1633 he was ordained a priest.[1]:132 He later studied in Vienna and in the Greek College in Rome where he studied from 1 December 1636 to 24 November 1639.[3]
Returned in Lithuania, in 1640 Kolenda became the deputy of the Archbishop of Polotsk, Antin Sielava, who in 1641 became the Metropolitan of Kiev and head of the Church.[4]
Since 1648, the political situation in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth underwent years of crisis. The Khmelnytsky Uprising was a Cossack rebellion in Ukraine which posed a threat to the existence of the Commonwealth. One of the targets of the Cossacks was the liquidation of the Greek-Catholic Church, and this request was considered acceptable by the Latin Catholic Poles who, after being defeated by the Cossacks, signed the Treaty of Zboriv in 1649, only the Papal nuncio and Greek-Catholic bishops opposed.[5]:230-1 The Cossacks army arrived to forcedly abolish the Greek-Catholic eparchy of Chełm, one of the stronghold of the Greek-Catholic Church.[6] In September 1651, due to a temporary defeat of the Cossacks, the new Treaty of Bila Tserkva was signed and it contained no more statements about the liquidation of the Greek-Catholic Church which was allowed to re-enter in Chełm and Przemyśl.[1]:135
In 1652[7] Havryil Kolenda was consecrated a bishop with the title of bishop of Mstsislaw[1]:135 by his Metropolitan Antin Sielava. On 23 June 1563 the coadjutor bishop of the Metropolitan, Pachomius Oranski bishop of Pinsk, was killed by the Cossaks, and Kolenda was chosen as new coadjutor with the right of succession.[8]
After a couple of years of truce, in 1654 the Cossacks allied with the Russian tsar in the Treaty of Pereyaslav which led to the Russo-Polish War (1654-1667), to which added the Second Northern War (1655–60) with the invasion from Sweden. These wars led to a period of mass murders and poverty known as the Deluge. The Russian army from North, and the Cossacks from South, occupied the territories of the Greek-Catholic Church, and destroyed churches, monasteries, schools, killing priests and monks.[5]:231
On 5 October 1655 the Metropolitan of Kiev, Antin Sielava, died. Kolenda succeeded him as Administrator of the Greek-Catholic Church, but not as Metropolitan, because due to the war it was not possible nor to convene the electoral synod as requested by Rome, nor to obtain the appointment from the King, who preferred not to displease the powerful Cossacks.[6]
In the meantime the wars went on. Kolenda had to fled Polotsk, bringing with himself the relics of Saint Josaphat and moved to Supraśl Lavra. The Treaty of Hadiach of 1658 signed between Poland and the Cossacks foreseen again the liquidation of the Greek-Catholic Church. This treaty was however not fully enforced because of successive divisions among the Cossacks.
The problems for Kolenda's Church in this period came also from the Latin Catholic bishops of Poland, who tried to persuade Rome to get rid of the Greek-Catholic Church and to extend their jurisdiction over the Byzantine Rite faithful.[5]:233 To obtain some help for his Church, Kolenda sent in 1644 to Rome the bishop of Chełm, Jacob Souza, who succeeded to convince the papacy to take a stand for Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, reaffirming its independence from the Latin episcopate, obtaining the appointment of Kolenda as Metropolitan, obtaining the confirmation the validity of ordinations made by Orthodox, ruling about the Basilian Order.[5]:234 Thus on 22 April 1665 Havryil Kolenda was formally appointed as Metropolitan of Kiev.[9]
After the Truce of Andrusovo in 1667 the war ended and the situation of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church improved, even if it had to leave the town of Smolensk and the capital Kiev. In 1668, and later in 1669, Kolenda succeeded to obtain from the King of Poland the decrees for the restitution of the churches and properties seized during the wars.[1]:140 In 1667 Kolenda became the Proto-Archimandrite (i.e. Superior general) of the Basilian Order, ending a ten years of disputes about the heading of the order.[6]
Havryil Kolenda died on 11 February 1674 and was buried on next 18 February in the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Polotsk.[1]:141